Manufacture of glassware



(No Model.) 2 Sheaias--Sheet 1.

H. SG HULZE-BERGE.

MANUFACTURE OF. GLASSWARB. v

Patented Oct. 28, 1890. 7

F522 F595 F .4

wImEsss INVENTOR x I, i

BY )3. I) ,wd fm other form of such handle.

NlTED STATES P TENT FFICE.

' HERMANN SGHULZE-BERGE, OF ROCHESTER, PENNSYLVAN IA.

MANUFACTURE OF GLASSWARE.

SPEGIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 439,197, dated October 28, 1890.

' Applicationfiled January 25, 1890- Serial No. 338,061. on model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HERMANN SCHULZE- BERGE, of Rochester, in the county of Beaver and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Manufacture of Glassware, of which the following is. a full,clear, and exact description.

The present specification relates to an improvement in reheating and finishing glassware. It more especially describes implements and machineries used in conjunction with a glass-reheating furnace and a method for reshaping and finishing the reheated glassware.

The improvement is illustrated in the accompanying two sheets of drawings, in

Figure 1 represents a vertical section through a part of a glory-hole furnace pro-- vided with the opening to introduce the article to be reheated. Figs. 2, 3, and 4 show in vertical section and side elevation tools for centering and supporting the article to be reheated. Figs. 6 and 7 show in plan and side view, respectively, a handle for manipulating the said tools. Fig. 5 shows in plan view an- Fig. 8 shows the finishing machinery in side elevation. Fig. 9 shows the same in front elevation, partly in section. Figs. 10 and 11 are sectional detail views. Fig.12 shows in vertical section and side elevation a modified construction of the finishing apparatus. Fig. 13 is a plan view of Fig. 12. Figs. 14, 15, and 16 are detail views.

The section of the glory-hole furnace represented in Fig. 1 shows the glory-hole flue 1,

' in front of which the glass article 2 is revolved by the stationary and rotatory spindle 3. The gases of combustion after passing the revolving glass article issue into a front space 4 over the projecting ledge 6, from whence they are conducted to the chimney-flue b. The projecting ledge is provided with a flap 5, formed, preferably, of asbestus-lined iron, by which the entrance opening for the admission of the glass article can be partly closed, thereby preventing access of cold air to the article. The spindle 3 is stationary and revolves in bearings 7, and its upper end protrudes through the ledge 6 into the space 4. Thus the ledge serves the purpose of providing for the revolving spindle a situation in which the heat cannot affectits driving mechanism. The upper end of the spindle is provided'with a self-centering disk or cone 10, adapted to receive interchangeable centering plates or disks 11, which carry the glass object to be reheated and finished.

In Figs. 2, 3, and 4. several modifications of such interchangeable centering-disks 11 are represented. Each of these centering disks or plates has a level top plate and a projecting top rim 12 of the exact diameter to suit the object to be placed thereon, so that such object shall stand centrally and cannot move sidewise, This top plate is connected to a foot-plate by a short and narrow circular neck 13, so that the centering-disk 11 can be lifted and handled with ease and safety by means of a flat horseshoe-like fork, as represented by Figs. 6 and 7, or by means of a pronged fork, such as represented by Fig. 5. The cen' tering-disk is also provided with a.central bore, as represented in Figs. 2 and 3, to match a central peg upon the supportingspindle of the finishing machinery, as hereinafter described; or the lower plate on the supportingdisk may be turned to match a rimmed disk on the spindle 3, as represented by Fig. 3; or the lower plate may be conical to match a cone on the top of spindle, as represented in Figs. 1 and 4. The glass object being placed upon the centering-disk 11 is transferred with said disk upon the spindle 3 in the glory-hole furnace, and after being reheated to the proper extent is transferred with the centering-disk.

11 upon the spindle 3 of the finishingappw.

tus represented by Figs. 8 and 9. The finishing apparatus consists of the lower spindle 3 and an upper spindle 14, both journaled in bearings attached to a frame or standard 15 and revoluble in the same axial line. The lower-spindle is drivenvby the pulley 16 and the upper spindle by the pulley 17 in the same direction as 3 and with the same speed. The upper spindle is movable longitudinally through the pulley 17 and its bearings by means of the lever 18, pitman 19, and cross head 20, so that it can be lowered toward or upon the lower spindle 3 and can be made to bear with its weight upon the same or upon a glass article placed between the two spin dles while both are revolving in the same direction. The lower spindle is at its upper ated by the lever 24 and the links 22. Thusv end provided with a plate and a concentric peg, as shown in Fig. 2. If, therefore, a centering-disk 11, with a reheated glass article, be transferred upon the spindle 3' of the finishing apparatus, such glass article will revolve in the same axial line with the lower and upper spindle. After the upper spindle has been lowered upon the bottom of the article the latter can be reshaped by applying finishing or shaping tools to its sides.

In the apparatus represented by Figs. 8 and 9 the finishing or reshaping tools consist of rollers 25, moving loosely around their respective axles and mounted upon shanks 23, which turn around the pivots 21 and are act-uby raising or lowering the lever 2a the rollers may be brought to bear against the glass article and to shape it before its removal therefrom. The rollers 25, when forced with moderate pressure upon the reheated revolving glass article, are set in revolving motion by frictional contact therewith, and thereby straighten its partly-deformed sides. This can be accomplished even without an inside mandrel or shaping-tool, although it is easier, especially for unskilled workmen, if such mandrel be used, since in such case an excess of force applied to the rollers can do no harm. The mandrel used for such purpose should be somewhat narrower than the intended inside of the glass article, which otherwise would be liable to shrink upon and stick to the mandrel. To prevent this, the mandrel 26, Fig. 10, which revolves with the spindle 14, is made to slide longitudinally upon the lower end of the spindle 14 by a feather and key, while it is revoluble in a neck in the yoke or collar 27, and which by suitable lever-connections can be raised or lowered independently of the said spindle, so that if the glass should stick to the mandrel the spindle may be used as a push-rod to knock against its bottom, and thereby force it from the mandrel. The rollers 25 may be set and secured on the end of the shank 23 in any desired angle to suit the object to be finished by the construction shown in detail in Fig. 11. The axle of the roller is pivotally connected to two lugs of the shank 23 and has a projecting extension secured to the shank with a screw-bolt which regulates the intended inclination of the roller-axle with relation to the shank.

The modification of the finishing apparatus represented in Fig. 12 differs from the one shown in Fig. Sin that the glass article is held upon the longitudinally-movable and revoluble spindle 3' by a catch and that use is made of three finishing-rollers.

The catch 30 secures and holds the object more thoroughly upon the spindle, so that the power to set the three rollers in revolving motion can be transferred upon the rollers by means of the revolving glass object itself. The catch consists of the two jaws 31, pivotally connected to the centering-disk 10 of the spindle by lugs attached thereto. The lower ends of the jaws are connected by the toggle lever or links 32, which are pivotally jointed within the hollow spindle 3, passing through oppositely-situated slots in said spindle. A rod 33, movable lengthwise within the spindle 3', is on its upper end connected to the joint of the links 32, while the lower end of the rod is provided with a cross-rod 35, which moves through oppositely-situated slots in the lower part of the spindle. The cross-rod is attached to a ring 36, which is capable of being raised or lowered upon the spindle by means'of a yoke or cross-head 37, actuated by pitmen 3S and levers '39, oscillating around axle 40. The ring 36 is forced downward upon yoke 37 by means of a spring 34 bearing against the collar 41, adjustably secured to the spindle bya set-screw. The spindle moves loosely through the yoke 37. From this construction it is evident that the jaws 31 are caused to close in upon the glass object 2, held between the jaws with a yielding pressure exerted by the spring 34 upon the rod 33, and that such pressure can be counteracted and the jaws opened by the hand-lever 39 whether the spindle is revolving or not, and whether it is in a higher or in a lower position. lVhen the catch is used, it is possible to dispense with the upper spindle let.

The spindle 3' itself is revolved by the grooved pulley 16, through which it moves vertically, being connected thereto by afeather and spline or a similar device. The spindle is raised or lowered by the cross-head 20, in which it is stepped or in which a collar secured to the spindle is revoluble. The crosshead 20 is actuated by the hand-lever 42, attached rigidly to the axle 40, and connected to the cross-head by pitmen 43. The axle i0 is provided with a ratchet-wheel and a pawl to enable the spindle to be secured and locked at a desirable height.

As mentioned before, the finishing or reshaping tool consists in this case of three rollers 25, capable of closing in simultaneously upon the object secured upon the spindle. The use of three rollers not only secures the reshaping of the article-in less time, but it has also the advantage of enabling me to dispense entirely with an inside mandrel, and it produces a true circular finished object, while if but two rollers are used, as described with reference to Fig. 8, the overheated object is often elliptic in cross-section after finishing.

The device for simultaneously moving the three or more rollers toward the object may be varied considerably. It maybe constructed in the manner of a centering-chuck on a turning-lathe,or in any other suitable way.

As represented in Fig. 12, the rollers are attached to arms or shanks 23, moving radially toward or away from the axial line of the spindle and oscillatory around pivot 21, located in the bearing 45, in which the spindle is revoluble. The lower ends of the shanks 23 are provided with links 46, 0011- nected with the sleeve 47, Fig. 15, which moves longitudinally upon the spindle, and is actuated by lever-arms 24, oscillating loosely around the axle 40.. These lever-arms are connected to the sleeve 47 by links (not shown in Fig. 12;) but which links are connected with the lugs 48 on the sleeve 47 atboth sides of the spindle.

To prevent swaying of the shanks 23, they are provided with guides 49, attached to a ring 50, Fig. 14, which is wide enough to allow the free passage through it of the spindle with the catch 30. The ring 50 is attached to the standard 15 in the same manner as the bearing 45. To prevent the rollers 25 from closing in too far upon the glass article 2, a stop is arranged in front of the shank 23, as shown at 51 in Fig. 12, in which case a screwbolt limits the utmost position-of the shank toward the axial line of the spindle.

The three hand-levers 24, 39, and 42 can be provided with weights counterbalancing nearly the weight of the devices attached to the lever-arms by the links or pitmen, and said hand-levers 'may be connected with stepboards, so as to be actuated by the foot.

As shown in Fig. 12, the rollers 25 are shown in a position in which they have closed in upon the glass article. By releasing the lever 24 the rollers move back from the object, which then is raised, together with the spindle, to a height above the rollers. The upper spindle 14 is then removed and the catch 30 opened by the hand-lever 39, so that the object can be removed with the centering-disk 11 and replaced by another one to be reshaped. By then releasing hand-lever 39 the jaws 31 will secure the object, and after lowering spindle 3 to its place the rollers 25 are caused to close in upon the object and reshape the same.

The advantages of my invention will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

The apparatus is simple in construction, is not apt to get out of order, and performs efficiently and with a great saving of labor the work for which it is intended.

By the particular description of the parts of the apparatus heretofore given I do not desire to limit myself to any precise form and arrangement thereof, unless as expressly stated in the claims, since such form and arrangement may be varied by the skilled mechanic.

I claim-- 1. In apparatus for reheating and finishing glassware, a furnace provided with a gloryhole flue adapted to the sidewise entrance and removal of the glass articles to be reheated, a flap or shield to close or partly close the entrance, and a stationary revoluble upright spindle extending into the glory-hole flue and provided with a centering top plate, substantially as and for the purposes described.

2. In apparatus for reheating and finishing glassware, a furnace provided with a glory hole flue adapted for the sidewise entrance and removal of the glass articles to be reheated, and a stationary revoluble spindle passing through the floor of the glory-hole flue and provided with a centering top plate, substantially as and for the purposes de scribed.

3. In apparatus for reheating and finishing glassware, an exchangeable and self-centering disk for centering and supporting the glass object, consisting of a top plate provided with a concentric and protruding rim to receive and center the foot of the glass object, and a bottom plate connected to the top plate by a narrow and short neck, in combination with a vertical and revoluble spindle of a finishing apparatus, substantially as described, which centering-disk is also adapted to be placed upon a centering top plate of a revoluble spindle situated in the flue of a reheating-furnace, substantially as and for the purposes described.

4. In apparatus for reheating and finishing glassware, an exchangeable'and self-centering disk for supporting the glass object, consisting of a top plate provided with a concentric rim and a bottom plate, both connected by a narrow and short neck provided with a central hole to fit. over a'peg or pin upon a revoluble spindle of the finishing apparatus, substantially as and for the purposes described.

5. In apparatus for finishing glassware, a revoluble vertical spindle provided at its upper end with means for centering thereon exchangeable supporting-disks carrying the glass obj ect, in combination with such an intertermediate and interchangeable supportingdisk, substantially as described, and a finishing-tool capable of being forced toward the axial line of the spindle, substantially as and for the purposes described.

6. In apparatus forfinishing glassware, averticalandrevolublehollowspindlesuspendedin vertically-movable bearings, which spindle is provided at'its upper end with means for centering thereon an interposed and interchangeable centering-disk carrying the glass article, in combination with such intermediate centering-disk, a catch for closing in upon the glass object connected with a rod movable longitudinally within the revoluble spindle and actuated by spring-power, and means for counteracting the spring-power to release the hold of the catch upon the glass object, substantially as and for the purposes de scribed.

7. In apparatus for finishing hollow glassware, a vertical revoluble longitudinally-movable spindle provided at its upper end with means for centering thereon interchangeable supporting-disks carrying the glass object, in combination with such intermediate supporting or centering disk, a second longitudinally-movable vertical spindle situate above the. first named spindle, adapted to bear against the bottom of an interposed glassarticle, and a mandrel through which the upper spindle passes, and shaping mechanism adapt ed to be moved toward the axial line of the revoluble spindle, substantially as and for the purposes described.

8. In apparatus for finishing hollow glassware, a vertical revoluble and longitudinallymovable spindle provided at its upper end with means for centeringthereon interchangeable supporting-disks carrying the glass object, in combination with such intermediate supporting or centering disk, and a second longitudinally-movable vertical spindle revoluble in the same axial line with the lower spindle and revoluble with the same speed and adapted to bearagainstthe bottom of an interposed glass article, in combination with shaping mechanism adapted to be moved toward the axial line of the revolving spindle, substantially as and for the purposes described.

9. In apparatus for finishing glassware, a finishing tool or roller mounted upon an oscillable shank or arm movable toward or away from the axial line of the revoluble spindle carrying the glass article, the said finishing tool or roller being capable of adjustment in its inclination with reference to said axial line, substantially as and for the purposes described.

10. In the manufacture of glassware, the method hereinbefore described, which consists in reheating upon a movable disk the glass article to be finished, then removing said disk with the glass article to the spindle of a finishing-tool, and then finishing the glass article, substantially as and for the purposes described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 1st day of January, A. D. 1890.

HERMANN SOHULZE-BERGE.

Witnesses:

WM. SWANSBORO, L. SCHULZE-BERGE. 

